{
  "version": "2026-06-23-world-history-source-registry-v1",
  "title": "AP World History Atlas source registry",
  "principle": "Sources are classified by function. A boundary dataset, source catalogue, analytical estimate, route reconstruction, and event seed are not treated as equivalent historical facts.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "natural-earth",
      "name": "Natural Earth",
      "category": "modern reference geography",
      "license": "public domain",
      "format": "Shapefile, GeoPackage, derived GeoJSON",
      "quality": "high for modern reference coastlines and country outlines",
      "integration_complexity": "low",
      "planned_use": "modern base geography, coastlines, land polygons and reference boundaries",
      "url": "https://www.naturalearthdata.com/"
    },
    {
      "id": "cshapes-2",
      "name": "CShapes 2.0",
      "category": "historical state boundaries",
      "license": "academic dataset; redistribution terms require review before public raw export",
      "format": "GIS boundary dataset",
      "quality": "high for 1886-2019 international-system states and dependent territories",
      "integration_complexity": "medium",
      "planned_use": "primary modern historical state-boundary backbone from 1886 onward",
      "url": "https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/"
    },
    {
      "id": "openhistoricalmap",
      "name": "OpenHistoricalMap",
      "category": "historical map features",
      "license": "varied feature-level open licenses; license tags must be preserved",
      "format": "OSM-style historical geodata",
      "quality": "uneven but uniquely useful for temporally tagged historical features",
      "integration_complexity": "high",
      "planned_use": "premodern and regional enrichment after license-aware filtering",
      "url": "https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/"
    },
    {
      "id": "world-historical-gazetteer",
      "name": "World Historical Gazetteer",
      "category": "place authority and reconciliation",
      "license": "dataset-dependent",
      "format": "Linked Places / JSON-LD / reconciliation platform",
      "quality": "high as place-linking infrastructure; source quality depends on contributing datasets",
      "integration_complexity": "medium-high",
      "planned_use": "place authority, historical names, aliases, temporal place attestations",
      "url": "https://whgazetteer.org/"
    },
    {
      "id": "pleiades",
      "name": "Pleiades",
      "category": "ancient places",
      "license": "Creative Commons Attribution 3.0",
      "format": "JSON, CSV, KML, RDF",
      "quality": "high for ancient Mediterranean, Near Eastern and classical-world places",
      "integration_complexity": "low-medium",
      "planned_use": "ancient place authority and city/place layer",
      "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "category": "crosswalk and seed records",
      "license": "CC0",
      "format": "SPARQL, RDF, JSON dumps",
      "quality": "variable; strong as identifier/alias graph, not final historical evidence",
      "integration_complexity": "medium",
      "planned_use": "city, battle, university, route and entity seed layers with review status",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyde",
      "name": "HYDE historical population and land-use data",
      "category": "historical population model",
      "license": "scientific data terms; exact version terms require review",
      "format": "gridded raster/netCDF/ASCII depending on version",
      "quality": "leading global long-run population estimate; model output, not census fact",
      "integration_complexity": "high",
      "planned_use": "population density tiles and benchmark-year estimates",
      "url": "https://hyde-portal.geo.uu.nl/"
    },
    {
      "id": "owid-population",
      "name": "Our World in Data population dataset",
      "category": "country population series",
      "license": "CC BY for OWID material; underlying source terms vary",
      "format": "CSV/JSON",
      "quality": "high for public country-level population visualization",
      "integration_complexity": "low",
      "planned_use": "country population charts and side-panel summaries",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/sources-population-dataset"
    },
    {
      "id": "correlates-of-war",
      "name": "Correlates of War",
      "category": "wars, state system, religion and political-science datasets",
      "license": "dataset-specific academic terms",
      "format": "CSV and tabular datasets",
      "quality": "high for modern international-relations datasets",
      "integration_complexity": "medium",
      "planned_use": "modern war/state-system backbone and religion data where permitted",
      "url": "https://correlatesofwar.org/"
    },
    {
      "id": "ucdp",
      "name": "UCDP",
      "category": "modern conflict events",
      "license": "dataset-specific research terms with citation",
      "format": "CSV/API/downloads",
      "quality": "high for modern conflict events and actors",
      "integration_complexity": "already partly integrated in AP system",
      "planned_use": "post-1989 conflict layer and current-theater continuity",
      "url": "https://ucdp.uu.se/"
    },
    {
      "id": "orbis",
      "name": "ORBIS Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World",
      "category": "historical transport and route model",
      "license": "reuse terms require review before direct ingestion",
      "format": "interactive model and related data/code materials",
      "quality": "excellent for Roman mobility, cost and travel-time modeling",
      "integration_complexity": "medium-high",
      "planned_use": "Roman route reference and possible route layer if terms permit",
      "url": "https://orbis.stanford.edu/"
    }
  ]
}